The cultural approach has been gradually applied to urban regeneration practices. The existing literature has identified the progressive, creative and entrepreneurial cultural strategy in urban regeneration, and summarised four aspects of characteristics. These approaches form the theoretical framework within which to classify diverse sets of industrial heritage precincts. A scoping study of cases of industrial heritage reuse in Shanghai was undertaken based on this progressive, creative and entrepreneurial cultural framework. The selected cases have common characteristics: inhabiting the former abandoned industrial areas and having been converted to the three cultural uses. The scoping study investigated the commencement time of the transformation, the original factory characteristics, cultural approach, precinct type, tenants, the development process, and the relevant policy. By summarising Shanghai’s experience on industrial heritage reuse, this paper expanded the main characteristics of the progressive, creative and entrepreneurial cultural approaches into seven aspects, namely, architectural type, potential value, goals, main stakeholders, target audience, type of cultural programs and facilities, and cultural activities. The progressive approach aims at providing opportunities for participation in the public social life, widening access to the arts, and utilising high-quality art to revive the sense of community and improve the image of neighbourhoods. Major actors include local governments and the public sectors. Examples include city-operated community art spaces and neighbourhood arts organisations, education facilities, public parks, museums and/or exhibition spaces. Such cases in Shanghai include the Shanghai International Sculpture Space and Shanghai Yangpu Waterfront Park. The creative approach aims at developing sectors of the economy in the cultural and creative industries. The target audience is the creative class. Major actors include government departments of creative industries, private sectors and special agencies that are established by local governments for the management and operation of creative class clusters. Examples cover independent artist’s studios, companies in the cultural and creative industries, and private or public owned art galleries. In Shanghai, Tianzifang, M50, the Bridge No.8 and 1933 Old Millfun are the examples of cultural clusters reused by local successful artists in Shanghai. The entrepreneurial approach seeks to create an attractive business environment by providing high-profile facilities and events, iconic architecture and landscape. The main goals in these kinds of strategies coincide with city government’s broader entrepreneurial agenda, including fostering private developments, generating local tax, boosting consumption, branding the city image as ‘a place to play’, and promoting economic growth in the tourism, cultural and information technology industries. Major actors include city governments and private developers with the dominance of public-private partnerships. The Shanghai 2010 Expo was the most notable example. By summarizing the main characteristics of the cultural approach to industrial heritage reuse in Shanghai, this paper attempts to in enrich existing literature on urban regeneration and heritage conservation, and provide a reference to the industrial land regeneration practice in China.

Berezniki was built in 1932-33 for the extraction and processing of minerals: potash and magnesium salts, oil, titanium alloys. In recent decades, the town has been experiencing a man-made disaster. Sinkholes of 200-400 m wide and 50 m deep began to appear on its territory, so a decision has been made to move the town to the other bank of the Kama river, where the historical town Usolye is situated. Being aware of the growing problems of the post-Soviet industrial provincial town, in search of new ways of development, the Administration turned to the historical heritage of this town, which came under the administrative control of Berezniki in 2019. Usolye appeared in the era of industrial development in the 17th century, experienced a period of prosperity in the 18-19 centuries. During the construction of the Kama hydroelectric station in 1954, the historical part of Usolye was flooded and the town turned into a village where most of the population works for the enterprises of Berezniki. Despite the cataclysms of the 20th century, about 40 architectural monuments have been preserved in Usolye. Since 2000, the restoration of some of the monuments has begun. Today they form the basis of the Museum reserve "Usolye Stroganovskoe". The Museum is functioning, but it is premature to talk about its contribution to the town's economy. However, this area has a great tourist potential due to its natural uniqueness – location on the islands - and the presence of architecture in the Stroganov’s Baroque style. In order to give an impetus to the development of the tourism industry, to make it a center of attraction for residents of the Perm region, the Administration has reconsidered the significance of Usolye’s architectural heritage. The integration of the historical and cultural component into the city's economy began with the preparation of a Master –plan. The purpose of the Master plan is the creation of a long-term, flexible spatial territory models taking into account local conditions, traditions and providing its sustainable incremental development. The main museum’s problem is its low attendance, so the development is associated with the formation of accessibility of the territory, a variety of landscape and recreational functions that generate interest for residents of Usolye, Berezniki and nearby settlements. Based on urban planning research, strategic tasks and tools for their solution are formulated in several directions: spatial organization, socio-cultural content; renovation of cultural heritage, ets. The development of the territory takes place in 3 consecutive stages of 5, 10, 15 years, each of which, depending on objective circumstances and institutional variability, can be considered as a separate completed scenario with a certain stability of the life cycle. A new planning structure allows to "increase the Museum's mass" and has sufficient flexibility, as it can be adjusted at each stage depending on the completed tasks, budget opportunities and other objective/subjective factors. Investment platforms allow to integrate various functions into the activities of the Museum-reserve in order to generate revenue sources at each stage, depending on current needs. The total cost of implementing the Master plan is 900 million rubles. In 2019, Berezniki became one of the pilot sites of the "Smart city" project, which will be implemented until 2024 within the framework of the two national projects – "Digital economy" and "Housing and urban environment". These programs are a good chance for the town to create a modern-level historical and architectural reserve in Usolye and make a huge step forward in the field of reviving Russian historical and cultural heritage and developing tourism for Perm region as a whole.

A brief description of the "problem" and its background Abandonment is a widespread XX century phenomenon in Italy. In the case of S. Paolo district abandonment is linked to 1) the fragility of its geographical position; 2) the contraction of economic growth (stagnation of private investments); 3) the lack of "modern" urban services, defining the quality of citizenship in contemporary European society required by the evolution of the models of social life and use of the city. These three factors are interlinked and active as circular causes on the present condition of abandonment of S. Paolo, and the proposal tackles the challenge with an intervention working on the three factors together. The method: innovate to invent something that changes the rules We want to determine the project of Ragusa Ibla within San Paolo district understood as an Evolutionary city. We propose a method that, first, clarifies the issue and the processes that have determined it at different scales. Then, it allows us to intervene on the three circular and non-linear causes,- according to our vision of complexity,- that determine it. Our method also acts on the development practices that are typical today of a way implemented in similar cases, which could manipulate the identity of a historical place without producing a sustainable project in the long-term spam, and a collective but only private space (planning gentrification). Due to our methodology, urban authorities are invited to test innovative solutions to adapt, to manage demographic trends, to attract relevant economic activities for sustainable urban development from one side, and to counterbalance the effects of demographic decline. An outline of the principal results, outcomes, findings and lessons The evolution of the models of social life and the use of the city determined the abandonment of the S.Paolo neighbourhood. To face that issue, intervening on the three causes, the project defines, through a transversal and non-linear scientific method, the integration between a structured system of public projects, already funded but not put into a system, and a participatory process approach to provide an alternative to the city's mode of production, bringing new life to urban planning based on the principles of equality, inclusion and civility. 1) To counteract fragility, we indicate a process of mapping through open-source data (Metropolitan Cartography) to spatialize a risk map of the S. Paolo district through the analysis of the geography of its territory. 2) To counteract the economic stagnation, the project defines a new role of public action through a collaborative urban regeneration. The Municipality is a partner of a Community Foundation*, fostering integrated accessibility between the two historical centres to bring the citizens "inhabitants" back to the San Paolo district. 3) To contrast the lack of "modern" urban services and products, we define approaches able to activate new productive processes related to food and wine and related products. The process will be leveraging on heritage and culture as means for inclusion (spatial and social), prosperity (reviving tradition through innovation), productivity (creating integrated access to the territorial productive system through the physical and virtual access to via San Paolo) and sustainability (environmental inclusion and protection). The identified solutions to the above-mentioned challenge are therefore in the form of a meta-project that sets the framework and starts implementing a collaborative and integrated regenerative process of the S.Paolo neighbourhood while developing the organizational environment for its linkage to the wider territory. * Community Foundation is a non-profit organization, which brings together subjects, which represent a local community intending to improve the quality of life of the community itself.

India adopts a three-tier legal system for preserving monuments and heritage at National, State and Local levels. At the local level, different urban and rural local governing bodies viz., Urban Development Authorities, Municipal Corporations and Municipalities are expected to take up Listing and Conservation of Urban Heritage in their respective jurisdictions, incorporating Conservation policies, programmes and guidelines in statutory Master/Development Plans. Though Urban Heritage listing is mostly taken up by bigger metropolitan cities in India and in Hyderabad, capital of Telangana, one of the five States in southern India, heritage conservation is almost a non-starter in other smaller and medium cities and towns which have had rich historical past and surviving heritage. From Mid-17th century till Independence in 1947, besides the territory under the British rule, India was ruled by various Princely States. The present State of Telangana was a part of one such Princely State ‘Hyderabad’ under the Nizam of Hyderabad. Across India and in Nizam’s Hyderabad State too, during the colonial period, land revenue administration systems were adopted, wherein sub-regional authorities called ‘Zamindars’, ‘Samsthans’, ‘Rajas’, ‘Jagirdars’ or any other such title, ruled/administered demarcated jurisdictions under the overall rule of the British or Nizam. These Samsthans/Zamindars/ Jagirdars were ‘Chieftains’ of their own territories and ruled from ‘Palaces’ located in their Capital city/town. Most of the Capitals of Samsthans/Zamindaris developed over the last two centuries, building around their historic inner core and heritage of palace complexes, becoming present day Small and Medium cities/towns. The palaces and historic areas of old Samsthan/Zamindari settlements represent local histories whose significance, memory, heritage needs to be preserved for posterity. But due to lack of awareness, initiative and insensitive urban planning, heritage in Small and Medium towns is in the danger of being lost and erased from collective memory of even heritage aficionados. This paper presents the issue of how uninformed and insensitive urban planning is perpetuating the risk of losing heritage, physically and from peoples’ memories by taking illustrative case examples of Small and Medium Towns of Telangana and erstwhile capital cities of Samsthans of Gadwal, Wanaparthy and Kollapur. These three palace towns represent different case examples of present ownership/ management, used for public/private purposes, but yet all of them remain ‘unrecognized’ for their heritage status in Master/Development Plans. The case studies presented in this paper are from the ongoing doctoral research work being done by the author at School of Planning and Architecture, Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University, Hyderabad, on the topic of ‘Planning for Conservation of Samshtan/Zamindari Palaces of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh’

Shenyang has a pivotal position in the history of modern Chinese industry,Shenyang economic zone is a regional economic community with eight cities around Shenyang,The extant industrial heritage of each city in Shenyang economic zone reflects the historical process of industrialization in northeast China.The protection and development of industrial heritage is conducive to the realization of new industrialization in Shenyang economic zone and is a practical measure to promote the revitalization of northeast China.From the perspective of heritage area, this paper investigates the status quo of industrial heritage in Shenyang economic zone and evaluates the value of existing industrial heritage.The boundary of the heritage area of Shenyang economic zone is demarcated based on traffic elements, natural elements and functional elements.According to the nature of land use within the boundary of the heritage area and the historical value of the heritage area.Finally, according to the results of the classification of industrial heritage areas, this paper puts forward the strategies for the protection and utilization of industrial heritage areas.

Lodz is a city in central Poland whose dynamic development falls on the 19th century. Located in the city center, Posiadła wodno-fabryczne (Water and factory estate) is the historical name of the area delineated in 1827 along the Jasień River with the aim of developing the textile industry. In the nineteenth century, the whole area was built up with industrial complexes, which consisted not only of weaving mills, spinning mills, technical buildings and warehouses, but also of houses for workers, residences of industrialists, schools, kindergartens and hospitals. The buildings were accompanied by green areas arranged mostly in the form of gardens. The urban complexes formed in this way constituted a "city within the city", which within its borders met the needs of work, residence and social life at that time. The urban environment of this area, with its clear nineteenth-century layout and with its buildings still retaining the industrial-era brick structure, is located in the very center of the city of Łódź and covers the area of almost 300 hectares, thus constituting currently the largest such complex in central Poland. In the second half of the 20th century, during the communist period, this area was affected by numerous spatial, social and economic problems. In terms of space, they were manifested by a high degree of degradation, in particular by the presence of unused areas and deteriorating buildings, including valuable monuments. The great natural potential of the area was also unused, including the Jasień and Lamus Rivers flowing in canals and the greenery gradually entering the unused post-industrial areas. Faced with these problems, at the beginning of the 21st century the area of Posiadła was recognized by the city authorities as one that needs changes, and the whole area was marked as the regeneration area. This translated into activities aimed at implementing an integrated process leading to a change in the image of this part of the city. The projects of local spatial development plans were prepared, later becoming the local spatial law. On their basis, the process of implementing original urban solutions, tailored to the specificity of the area and using the cultural and natural potential, was started. Thanks to the undertaking of the planning processes dedicated to the entire area, and not only to its individual fragments, the adopted solutions were of a systemic nature and prevented the fragmentation of this extensive historical urban environment. The investment and planning process aimed at filling in the existing building structures and providing a better use of space resources, in order to make it possible to better use the economic value of space. The principle of mixing functions, especially mixing housing and services, was adopted: it improved the residents' access to services, jobs and social infrastructure. The number of public spaces that create coherent systems has been increased: it has made pedestrian and bicycle traffic more efficient, as well as improved communication services in the area. The multifunctionality and expansion of the public space system has contributed to reducing transport needs and shortening the length of journeys. The plans were guided by the principles of universal planning. The number of squares, pedestrian routes and in this way the new "bloodstream" of urban life revived the so-far neglected part of the city. The new zoning rules included the requirement to preserve the historical, post-industrial spatial structure, thus protecting the city's nineteenth-century factories, villas, tenement houses and complementary service buildings together with surrounding greenery. The rules have introduced a balance between the need to build new investments and the preservation of Łódź's heritage for future generations.

Many people consider Al Wakrah to be a distinctive settlement for cultural heritage in the State of Qatar. Based on archaeological evidence, the area of Al Wakrah was perhaps the first urban center of Qatar. Originally a fishing and pearling village like the capital city of Doha, globalization and rapid urbanization also characterized the development of Al Wakrah over the last half-century, leading to a remarkable transformation in the morphology of the settlement. The paper studies this morphological transformation of Al Wakrah and the consequences for socio-economic and functional use. In doing so, the paper offers some clarity about the identity and dynamics of Al Wakrah as a traditional heritage district today; specifically, Souq Al Wakrah. We explore this within the context of traditional marketplaces in general, and souqs in the Arab States of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region in particular. The study explores the symbiotic relationship between urban morphology, land use, and function in settlement form. The purpose is to develop a deeper understanding of urban changes and expansion on the use and experience of Souq Wakrah as a public place today. Researchers apply several representational techniques standard in morphological studies, including analysis of urban spatial networks using space syntax. The findings of the paper indicate the design and planning nature of Souq Wakrah as a contemporary heritage re-creation. It contrasts with more straightforward examples of historic preservation and restoration in other traditional marketplaces of Qatar itself and elsewhere in the world. This situation arose due to the near-complete demolition of most historic structures in Al Wakrah during the recent past, except for a few isolated examples. However, a few important ‘traces’ of Al Wakrah’s morphological history remain consistent over time, despite the dramatic transformations in the rest of the settlement over time. The paper concludes by discussing the potential implications for design and planning policy in the protection and preservation of historic resources in the State of Qatar. It argues for the critical importance of developing a clear understanding of the relationship between form, function, and the urban context of such places in future preservation projects. Keywords: heritage, market, morphology, public realm, space syntax, urban