Traditionally, nature implies a clear distinction between natural and artificial elements of the earth. The later being elements that are brought to being by human consciousness or a human mind. In the urban context, nature is not entirely devoid of human influence or inaccessible to man, rather, nature exists in urban areas and does not only survive the influence of man but also depends on it. An individual’s subjective sense of their relationship with the places of nature within a city explains the concept of nature-connectedness. Urban planning on the other hand is broadly conceived as the environmental, social, economic and constructive efforts made at making urban areas better, healthier and more than just a place to live, work and get around. In the wake of rapid urbanization around the world, spaces of natural features in urban areas have been constantly overtaken by the developments and activities of man. Physical and urban development planning for nature connections seeks not only to promote the conservation and preservation of natural spaces in the city, but also ensures that residents come in contact with nature in their daily lives and routine. In order to achieve this, spaces of natural features in the city have to be examined with focus on how it is environmentally safe, how it improves human health and also the level of its accessibility to the residents. A study on the planning of the city for residents’ connection to nature is significant as the gains derivable from nature are explored when people interact with the features while using their senses to experience its physical and psychological benefits. To improve health and well-being, there is need to strengthen the evidence to show how nature affects health and promote preventative health contribution made by protected areas and elements of urban nature. This entails mapping, assessment and quantification of the qualities and functions of these elements.

With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of residents' physical and mental health problems, public health has become one of the important factors of urban development. As one of the areas closely related to people in urban life, community is the most frequently contacted public space and the platform for people's daily sports, entertainment and communication. Building healthy community is an effective measure to improve public health. In the context of smart growth planning, community renewal is an important part of building a healthy community. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been applied in Europe, the United States, Africa and the Asia Pacific region since its origin in the 1980s. It enables decision makers, citizens and designers to participate in the planning and design process from a healthy perspective. Make suggestions on potential health impacts and promote public participation. Applying the HIA to the green renewal of community courtyard can promote the residents' physical and mental health and social equity to a certain extent. The HIA in the green renewal of community courtyards is divided into three stages: assessment preparation, assessment analysis and project implementation to determine the health impact factors, health improvement measures and health outcome assessment, so as to maximize the benefit of planning and design projects to residents' health. The assessment implementation process mobilizes public participation, enhances cooperation among all parties and makes residents pay attention to health issues. Taking the public space renewal of Beijing Dashilan community yard as an example, this paper explores the application of HIA in the actual project and summarizes the deficiencies in the practice process. Using the Department of HIA in the green renewal of community courtyard is a new exploration of building a healthy community, which provides new ideas for building a healthy city and improving public health. The population structure of Dashilan District in Beijing shows the characteristics of the people with social difficulties. Taking the public space renewal of Beijing Dashilan community yard as an example, this paper makes a survey on the green space of community residential yard with the cooperation of university teachers and students research team, community neighborhood committee and social non-profit organizations. This paper analyzes the potential influence of green space in Dashilan community on physical activity, social cohesion and landscape greening. Explore the application of HIA in practical projects and summarize the shortcomings in the process of practice. Using the Department of health impact assessment in the green renewal of community courtyards is a new exploration of building a healthy community and a new idea of building a healthy city and improving public health.

Moscow is the largest city in the world situated so far from equator, its agglomeration has a population of 17,2 million people. Represents the capital of snow agglomerations, where average annual daytime air temperature is ‎5,8 °C‎. Moscow is one of the world’s mega cities. Moscow faces the same problems and challenges of large cities as anywhere else: big waste generator, air pollution, emerging lifestyles in emerging conditions, cultural and social changes, transformation of visual environment, of urban landscape. In the era of Covid-19, we are faced with new challenges. Weaknesses are evident in everyday life now. During the period of pandemic in Moscow from 2nd of April it is prohibited to visit 55 city parks, estates and recreation areas (and not only this areas). But it is well known that the air in the apartment is 4-6 times dirtier than in the street and 8-10 times more toxic than in the street. What is better: stay at home during emergency situation of pandemic or have the possibility to go out of home to breeze more healthy air? More healthy air is a crucial component for people well-being at every age, but especcialy for elderly people, for people with cardiovascular diseases and others, for kids etc. The transport continues to work in Moscow, supermarkets also, pharmacies, and other basic services. But is air not the primary good and necessity for well-being of everyone? Should parks be closed during mass infections? What should be the parks during the period of mass infectious diseases? What need we change in our urban parks and urban forests to continue use them, visit them, walk in them, breathe clean air, have more healthy environment also in emergency situation of pandemic? Which new strategic values can be introduced for development urban green environment of the generation? The paper will analyse how the urban parks and urban forests can be more adaptive for situation of pandemic. How we can change and what we need to change in green infrastructure of urban parks to have healthy territories free entrance for citizens also at risk situation. The ecological framework of the city should be assembled from various elements of the cultural landscape and fragments of the surviving nature. The infrastructure of urban green environment need to be adaptive for use also at risk conditions of emergency situation of pandemic to provide possibility to breeze healthy air for citizens.

During the 40 years of reform and opening-up in China, the process of urbanization developed rapidly. Small towns are faced with challenges such as extensive development, degradation of human settlements, difficulty of retaining local characteristics and features. Therefore, attention should not only be paid to low-carbon emission reduction, but also to the inheritance of local characteristics. Taking Changxing County of Zhejiang Province as an example, according to the natural environment, cultural pattern and local features of Changxing County, we divide the urban characteristic space of the county into four areas： central area, residential area, open space and building site environment. In terms of characteristics of four spatial form and temporal and spatial change of carbon emission, the spatial indexes of characteristic and low-carbon indexes are extracted. Gray correlation method is applied to do coupling analysis of the two series of indexes. Finally, objective system is built to assist the formulation of guidelines and index control. We propose the compilation of low-carbon planning and design guidelines from three levels spatially: macro-level, meso-level and micro-level. We also put forward regional low-carbon planning and design strategies for Changxing County. The aim of this research is to provide reference for the compilation of regional low-carbon planning and design guidelines of small towns, and to provide practical basis for low-carbon construction of small towns. The research is supported by National Key R&D Program of China( 2018YFC0704705).

It is an important basis for optimizing land spatial pattern and guiding land spatial planning to clarify the ecological conditions of land space, arrange reasonably agricultural production and urban-rural construction space. The network formed by green infrastructures has important ecological significances in maintaining the migration of biological species and ensuring the continuity of ecological process. Based on the concept of ecological priority and green development, this paper constructs a framework of the land space development suitability evaluation on the basis of green infrastructure evaluation. From the perspective of ecosystem service value and ecological sensitivity, the evaluation factors are selected to make a comprehensive evaluation of green infrastructure. The evaluation results are the basis for the evaluation of the importance of ecological protection, the suitability of agricultural production and the suitability of construction. At last, taking Harbin as an example, the evaluation framework is applied to preliminarily determine the red line of ecological protection and the scope of ecological space, agricultural space and urban-rural construction space in 2015. It is expected to provide a reference basis for the compilation of land and space planning in Harbin.

In the process of China's rapid urbanization, the accumulation of social wealth is also accompanied by huge conflicts between people and land and the problem crisis, which is reflected in the contradiction between the rapidly growing consumption demand of human beings and the limited natural resources and environment. As an important tool to identify resource and environmental weaknesses and construction and development risks in the development and utilization of territorial space, the "double assessment" (assessment on the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the suitability of territorial space development) provides a basic basis for supporting territorial space planning and implementing comprehensive territorial improvement projects. There is a relationship between scale support and function orientation between double evaluation, which reflects the interaction between natural environment and human social system. From the perspective of human-land relations, this paper expounds the optimization of city-county land spatial pattern based on double evaluation in terms of the pressure intensity of human activities, the supporting capacity of resource elements, and the constraint correction degree of ecological environment. To explore the dialectical relationship between the natural environment and human social and economic activities behind the double evaluation, and to discuss how to scientifically and rationally connect the integrated results of the "double evaluation" with the optimization plan of the national spatial pattern. In honghe prefecture of yunnan province as a case, the reasonable requirements of human production and living into land demand parameters, combined with multiple stakeholders of negotiations, focusing on the adjacent regional conflicts and coordination function, major disaster prevention engineering, state domain perfect traffic network pattern characteristics and regional development strategy, constantly checking and optimization, to enhance robustness optimization results, for national spatial optimization and provide material basis and guarantee for sustainable economic and social development.

On March 11 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), to be a pandemic. Absent pharmaceutical treatments, non-pharmaceutical interventions—physical-distancing measures and movement restrictions—have been deployed. European Union’s (EU) exit and recovery plan includes the progressive lifting of domestic and cross-border restrictions and, linked to the next EU Multiannual Financial Framework and Cohesion (Regional and Urban Development) Policy (2021–2027) and the European Green Deal (2019–2024), a recovery package prioritising the transition to climate neutrality (net-zero greenhouse gas emissions) by 2050. Anchored in that plan, “The Great Walk of Athens” is the new flagship urban project of the Municipality of Athens, Greece. This paper focuses on the planning instruments behind that project. The paper builds on theoretical work on territorialism by Andreas Faludi (“The Poverty of Territorialism: A Neo-Medieval View of Europe and European Planning”, 2018). Additionally, it draws upon the research projects “European Territorial Reference Framework” (ETRF, 2019) and “Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe” (COMPASS, 2018) from ESPON (European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion). Faludi defines territorialism—the ideology of the hierarchical, political and administrative division of space—and the preconditions of it—geography-based constituency and state monopoly on the use of force, and the absolute (contrast to relative) conception of space as a container (contrast to network)—to theorise European integration and planning in EU member states. ESPON ETRF delineates the three major territorial challenges facing EU member states: social, economic and political fragmentation; positive and negative interdependencies; mismatch between geographical jurisdictions of political–administrative divisions and policy impact. ESPON COMPASS concerns the influence of European integration on planning in EU member states. Employing content analysis on Greek legal planning texts, this paper evidences how infectious diseases become a matter of concern for planning next to chronic diseases, hazards, and disasters. This work is applicable to the study of legal planning texts.

After China is developing into the era of industrialization, most developed countries chose the path of industrialization which is developing with the consumption of resources and environmental pollution, taking the strategy of “governance after development”. But China has large population, and the lack of resources causes we can't retrace Europe or the United States development model, so we should accept the lesson from the process of "Eco-renewal after industrial development ". To explore a way for the sustainable development of China, in order to enter a new era of socialist ecological civilization. It is also the goal of this article. Firstly, this study collect block level cases of environment improvement in Europe from the UN - HABITAT Best Practices Database. On this basis, complement other related research. In addition, supplement the eco-renewal cases by my on-the-spot investigation in Europe. Collect all cases together, and cancel the cases which are out of topic, ultimately select 41 cases of the block level, finally establish the case base of eco-renewal projects in block level. Then, refine the design methods of eco-renewal from each case, collect and sort the methods from above cases to summarize and concise universal ecological design method, to explore the sustainable ecological design rules and regularities of distribution. My study provides the advanced ecological spectrum of design methods for China's city blocks sustainable update. Make a contribution to the urban transformation development of developing countries in the future.

Owing to its large scale of development Bengaluru has been acting as a magnet attracting influx of population in to the city. The industrialization, changing economic drivers, and dominance of private over public interests led to over exploitation of the ecological resources. Thus, creating a short extractive cycle of the economy and the very long cycles involved in the creation and restitution of natural resources leading to a huge 'metabolism rift’, further causing the ecological imbalances. These imbalances though visible but were not being managed at the required pace; the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic has helped in sudden realization of restoring these imbalances. Particularly with reference to Bengaluru city, which was once called the ‘city of lakes’, is now facing the crisis related to quality and sustenance of those lakes. To ameliorate the situation there have been piecemeal efforts in terms of planting trees, cleaning water, etc. but an integrated approach with respect to each lake has been missing at the city level due to lack of management. This paper is an attempt to critically assess the condition of lakes in Bangalore and select a case to provide solutions to replenish them and make them more people centric. To achieve this the following steps will be followed a) Studying the overall metabolic flow of water resource including the demand, supply, types of resources, etc. of the city and contribution of lakes in that; b) analysing the condition of lakes in Bangalore c) selection of the lake for the case study providing recommendation and urban design solutions for that.

The ecological and health damage of oil spills and oil pollution in Nigeria is unquantifiable. Systemic and systematic degradation of the environment, health, livelihoods and food system of people residing in oil spill areas is visibly inexcusable. This paper using secondary data contends the impotency or ineptitude of environmental policy significantly contributes to oil spills and impoverishes the food basket and people’s health in Nigeria. Paper suggests that in the post-oil city an inclusive approach that detoxifies the environment, preserve livelihoods and health, and restores human dignity will help rebuild and safeguard water and food security. Drinking water is polluted, fishing and farming are significantly impacted, soils are polluted and ecosystems degraded. Oil spills significantly affect the health and food security of rural people living near oil facilities. Frequent and extensive oil spills occur in the Niger Delta area and these spills are under-reported, but independent estimates are that at least 115,000 barrels (15,000 tons) of oil are spilled into the Delta each year, making the Niger Delta one of the most oil-impacted ecosystems in the world (Steiner, 2008). Oil pollution in the Niger Delta is an ongoing chronic disaster and an environmental adversity with no end in sight, and entails little or no support for communities and individuals that are affected [Ovadia, 2013, Obi,2010). The chronic nature of the oil pollution and its associated environmental and social impacts may have an insidious impact on one’s physical health (sustained systemic toxicity by oil-related contaminants) and mental health (such as increased risk for high levels of distress) which are different from those of discrete traumatic events [Kolassa et al. 2010).