Abstract
The shadow of public health emergencies has been all over the world for many years. The communicable diseases of large-scale, strong-persistent, easily-transmission and high-risk, such as SARS in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, MERS in 2012 and COVID-19 in 2019, show that public health emergencies have become global problems that threaten urban public security and the health of residents, and the construction of a scientific disaster prevention system for healthy cities has become an important part of urban planning and management. Based on the empirical data of epidemic prevention of COVID-19 in China, the research combined the results of urban disaster prevention planning and urban questionnaire survey in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and other cities, and found that the current urban disaster prevention system construction has shown a certain supply imbalance and response failure. On the one hand, the allocation standard of urban disaster prevention facilities is generally based on the administrative divisions and the total population of the region, and the supply of differentiated disaster prevention facilities for the high-density space unit of the population within the city is insufficient, which leads to the imbalance in the allocation of disaster prevention resources among regions. On the other hand, the preparation of urban disaster prevention plan mainly focuses on traditional natural disasters, lacks the coverage of new types of disasters such as communicable diseases, and lacks the planning and prediction of public health emergencies and the operational plan of emergency reserve, so it shows significant vulnerability in the outbreak and spread of the epidemic. Especially at the level of urban communities, there is a lack of corresponding disaster prevention facilities, but also a lack of emergency capacity reserve, thus prone to the phenomenon of cluster sexual infection in the communities. Based on the above, this paper proposes the "multi-scale and compound" planning strategy of community disaster prevention system from three disaster bearing spaces, such as city, community and residence. First at all, at the macro level of the city, it is necessary to improve the preparation of urban special disaster prevention planning, rationally arrange urban disaster prevention resources, including emergency standby sites and disaster prevention channels, and establish a big data platform for urban emergency management and control, to monitor and warn urban disasters in full space and time, so as to establish a set of urban emergency operation support system and mature spatial-temporal response tools for the city government. Secondly, at the community level, the layout of reserved emergency isolation land should be detailed, and the emergency relief facilities such as health station, fire station and disaster relief channel should be reasonably arranged. At the same time, the disaster prevention mechanism of the grid community is established to realize the self-sufficiency of disaster prevention function within the community. Thirdly, as to the residence, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the epidemic prevention function of public space and common facilities, including indoor ventilation system and water supply and drainage system, so as to realize real-time prevention and control.
