Abstract
The residential location and urban shape, including the accessibility of public transport, distance from the city center and density, is the crucial factor, which determined the travel behavior in each city district. Moscow has a diverse structure of urban shape and huge area 2561,5 sq.m, that can contribute to different travel behavior pattern in different districts. The recently appeared on-demand mobility services, which are app-based in a smartphone, such as carsharing, ridesharing, bike-sharing and e-scooters sharing, is a significant instrument of transport politics in urban areas. They have transformed citizens' travel behaviour and trigger the trend of private car-using rejection in Moscow last years. At the same time, recently emerged COVID-19 and strict lockdown in Moscow during the April-May 2020 might have the opposite effect on citizens travel behaviour, as increasing private car usage. It can became an additional barrier for sustainable mobility transition in Moscow. Many studies researched the effect on ridesharing to Public transit and non-motorized travel in cities in the USA (Martin and Shaheen, 2011; Rayle, Dai and Chan, 2016). It is considered that ridesharing complements the public transport system and people increased their overall public transit and non-motorized modal use. However, the impact of on-demand service in Moscow is unclear, especially in each district. In the one hand, Moscow underground system is overcrowded on peak-hours and has a growing trend of usage by citizens, for instance, the share of people using Public transport increased from 62% to 68% from 2010 to 2018 (Moscow transport, 2018). In the other hand, the Russian capital is the leader of carsharing in the world (Autostat, 2020). At the same time, the use of online-taxi and ride-sourcing services (Yandex.Taxi, Gett taxi, Uber and str.) is increasing steadily in the last ten years (Yandex, 2019). The station-based bike-sharing (Velobike) has been expanding for the previous seven years. Furthermore, e-scooter sharing services emerged in the last two years, also is popular in the city centre as a mean of transport. Are these new kinds of transport sustainable in Moscow? Or, are they just a way to avoid using public transit for residents? How will transform the travel habits of Moscow citizens during the COVID-19? There are a lot of studies about how people use various services in Moscow, mostly for marketing aims. The overall picture of how on-demand service affects to using public transport and non-motorized transport does not exist or not available in open source. However, it is significant for forming urban transport policy. According to this gap, the study focuses on three research questions: : 1) How does New mobility service impact the use of public transit and overall vehicle travel? 2)How residential location shape travel behaviour in different urban areas in Moscow? 3) How COVID-19 has an effect on travel behaviour in Moscow? As a result of the research, this paper will offer a recommendation for Moscow city administration to pushing and accelerate sustainable mobility transition. The method for reaching these questions was an online opinion poll among Moscow residents older than 18. The survey includes two parts. The first part was conducted before the full lockdown of COVID-19 (in March and the first part of April 2020) and has consisted of 68 questions and 1021 people participated. The second survey is in progress (May-June 2020). It includes 15 questions, for investigating the changing of travel habits of responders, who participated in the first part of the survey.
