Abstract
The perception of urban historical and cultural space is the overall feeling and cognition formed by the interaction and influence of human and historical environment elements, and it is the most direct way for people to understand and experience urban history. China's rapid urbanization has led to the prominent contradiction between the protection and development of urban heritage. During the new urbanization period, the Chinese government put forward a new concept of cultural self-confidence and a new standard of urban historical and cultural heritage protection, in order to realize the sustainable development of historical cities. At the same time, with the rapid development of IoT, ICT and computer technology, increasingly new digital technologies are being used in the protection and management of urban heritage.. Under this background, the planning of historical and cultural space has changed from grand narrative to people-oriented. It is particularly important to measure the real perception of each individual. Zhoushan, located in the east of Zhejiang Province, is the only archipelagos historical and cultural city in China, famous for its coastal defense and Buddhist culture. We used the Python-based network data acquisition program to obtain the data of 578 scenic spots in Zhoushan from ctrip.com, the largest travel website in China, which included name, address, coordinate, comments quantity, rating, texts and photos. Based on the comments data, including 21905 texts and 35701 photos, this paper constructs the historical and cultural space perception model (HCSP) of by using GIS spatial computing, natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). We used the HCSP model to analyze the spatial structure and type clustering of heritage, the typical opinion extraction and emotional tendency judgment of tourists, the attraction recognition and the city image of Zhoushan. The results show that there is a typical island cluster distribution pattern in Zhoushan historical and cultural heritage space, forming six main island clusters. The types of heritage are mainly natural landscapes such as oceans, islands and mountains, and cultural landscapes such as temples, stone tablets and Buddha statues. According to the comments of tourists, the emotional tendency towards historical and cultural space is 89.00% positive, 9.97% negative and 1.03% neutral, and the heritage has many advantages, such as good natural landscapes, rich intangible cultural heritage and prominent Buddhist cultural features, but there are still problems such as unbalanced utilization of resources, uncoordinated architectural style and imperfect infrastructure. Tourists pay more attention to the natural landscape, architectural heritage and Buddhist culture, and lack of attention to folk culture. The results verify the practicability and scientificity of the HCSP model, establish the perception measure between tourists and historical heritage，also provide an important support for the conservation planning of Zhoushan historical and cultural city.
