Abstract
Security is one of the basic existential needs of man. In one negative definition, security is defined as a feeling of absence of danger. In a positive approach, we can define the feeling of security as certainty of existence, survival and development. Security is of a complex nature and, apart from providing physical protection against direct threats, also includes meeting many specific behavioral needs, including the emotional and social sphere, defined by the needs of belonging to a family, social group and psychological and physical sphere - attachment to the place and the environment, the need to have and identify the living space used. In many cities, security experts develop strategies by analyzing urban planning and architecture and their resilience in terms of adaptability to changing climatic, social and economic conditions. Public places are urban spaces with high city-forming potential, encouraging direct social contacts, significant for social integration and local identity, but also with an increased security risk. In order to ensure safety, the way cities function is to be moderated, they should be equipped with additional devices monitoring sensitive objects and open spaces. There is a wide range of highly advanced products (GiS tools, gps, e-maps ...) available that can form the basis for the further development of specific plans and projects for managing urban ecosystems, with different scopes of activity and covering various areas of life and knowledge. Architecture and urban planning are playing an important role in creating safe urban structures and spaces. Proper shaping of clear urban spaces is essential to building social bonds, to deepen the sense of bond with the environment and prevents the creation of a sense of danger. Elements of spatial development have a huge impact on social behavior. Striving for human interaction and social contacts in the surrounding spaces is a basic behavioral feature, and the ability to control and freely shape spatial distances and delineate boundaries and barriers are elements that build a sense of security. Creating barriers and partitions has a dual effect, on the one hand, it increases the sense of security, and on the other it limits mobility, social interaction, and generates hostility. Minimizing barriers gives the possibility of unrestricted movement, but increases accidental social contacts and incidents. With current threats, of unpredictable scale and scope, ensuring flexibility of solutions to increase security, the possibility of their rapid modification seems to be a necessity. "Urban security" measures should be a permanent component of the 'Smart Cities' strategies possible to implement both in the behavioral spheres of residents, the private space of individual objects and their surroundings, as well as in urban public spaces, providing the opportunity for communication and free movement, staying or using areas greens in safety conditions. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to take both preventive actions and actions aimed at alleviating the consequences arising from the occurrence of various types of violent events, progressive processes of adverse climate change and natural disasters. According to the scale of these threats, all settlement units should have operational strategies, instruments and secured appropriate financial resources to be able to provide flexible, quick and effective response to occurring events threatening the safety of residents - providing, above all, the basic living conditions: food, clean water and air as well as proper shelter. New information technologies open up a number of possibilities for using e-planning tools to directly support residents, enterprises and regions, as well as to transform the economy into a more environmentally friendly one, supporting innovation that ensures both greater efficiency and security.
