Study on the Influence Factors of Rural Landscape in Cold Region Based on Qualitative Analysis and SPSS Analysis

1 Problem Presentation: The rural areas in the cold region have the characteristics of cold climate and low density, and have significant differences and regional characteristics. However, in the aspect of shaping rural landscape in the cold region, many rural areas have the problems of sameness of landscape, loss of cultural memory, and weak embodiment of industrial characteristics. This paper takes the rural areas in the cold region as the research object, and traces the root of the landscape problem, which is mainly attributed to the following factors: (1) exogenous factors: location and transportation, current construction, policy and system, etc.; (2) endogenous factors: natural conditions, leading industry, regional custom, etc. Through data analysis, the correlation degree between different influence factors and the shaping of landscape was explored. 2 Background: The rural landscape is the direct embodiment of the rural planning and construction results, and it is the basic premise to explore the rural landscape in the cold region to systematically and objectively explain the elements composition and influence logic of the rural landscape. Grounded Theory, as one of the important methods of qualitative research, adopts bottom-up methods such as actual observation and interview to obtain the original data, systematically identify and classify the original data, and summarize and explore the rules. This paper intends to apply the Grounded Theory, start from the basic feature element data analysis, build a hierarchical factor layer affecting the rural landscape, and explore the formation and development of rural landscape in cold areas. 3 Research Reviewed: Scholars have done a lot of research on the factors affecting rural landscape from the perspectives of natural ecology, industrial economy and policy control. For example, Isabel Martinho (2001) proposed the impact of cultural, economic and technological upgrading on the rural landscape. Yao Long (2015) described and classified rural development based on the basic index data of terrain, location, scale, economic industry and other factors through two-step cluster analysis. Pulido Fernandez (2016) demonstrated the coupling relationship between tourism economy and landscape by establishing a binary structure equation. Based on the existing research results, this paper conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis on 619 rural cases in China's cold region, extracts the influence factors of rural landscape in the cold region, and discusses the interaction between them. 4 Methods: (1) Qualitative analysis. Based on the grounded theory and the field survey data of 619 rural cases in the cold region, NVivo software was applied to conduct semantic processing and classification coding of the data, so as to extract the influence factors and characteristics of the rural landscape in the cold region. (2) SPSS statistical analysis. On the basis of qualitative analysis, SPSS software was used for quantitative analysis of data statistics to discuss the proportion of influence factors of rural landscape and the mechanism of action. 5 Conclusions: Based on the analysis of samples from 619 rural cases in cold regions, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the shaping of rural landscape needs to combine local regional characteristics, natural resources and industrial structure to shape the characteristics; (2) the proportion of influence factors in different types of cold rural areas is sorted in order to facilitate scientific and effective classification guidance; (3) the construction of rural cultural connotation is as important as the material space planning in the construction of rural landscape planning. 6 Application Scope: Based on a large number of practical case studies, this study has universal applicability for shaping rural landscape and building sustainable development in cold areas.