Abstract
Urban development in Russia in recent decades led to a more dispersed type of a settlement, which has been supported by the growth of car dependency. The problem of an eligible urban form is not noticed neither in national spatial policy guidelines nor in new legislation proposed. Though the national planning system is under construction since 1991, it still performs a mix of soviet era extensive quantitave normatives and liberal market laissez faire principles, leading to an increased automobilization. Theoretical background of the research is formed by Dantzig and Saaty (1973), Newman and Kenworthy (2015), Larson (2018) and others. In front of the global challenges of the efficient use of resourses, climate change, carbon neutrality and landscape preservation a great impact has to be done by the professional planners. But planners work and spread their expertise inside a national legal framework, which gives them both restrictions and instruments in achieving their goals. That is why national system of the spatial planning is expected to adapt and implement globally discovered solutions in national cultural and political context. In order to determine the most sprawled Russian suburban areas the multitemporal Landsat data is used. Through the case study analisys it is described what circumstances made the extensive urban development happen. Methods of the network analisys are used to model the accessibility lack which drives to a car-dependent suburbanization. Spatial planning instruments developed and implemented so far do not meet requirements of the landscape ecology, being unable to build the necessary balance of the accessibility of the separated built-up patches and sustainability of the transportation network. An integrated transport and land use planning approach is proposed in order to address the XXI century global challenges. From the systems science point of view the divided systems of the transportation and territorial planning in Russia are examined in order to highlighten the missed links. A set of integrative recommendations including procedural and instrumental changes is proposed.
